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Perspective on smelter emissions of metals in the environment:an introduction

¹ Geological Survey of Canada, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, Canada, G1K 9A9(e-mail: msavard@nrcan.gc.ca)
² Geological Survey of Canada, 610 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0E8 (e-mail: gbonhamc@nrcan.gc.ca)
³ Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3H 5T4 (e-mail: cathy.banic@ec.gc.ca)

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Mining industries and metal refineries represent an important economic sector for many countries. However, environmental issues are gaining interest and sustainable development requires that metal industries minimize threats for air, water and soil quality. For years, smelters represented the dominant sources of metals and SO₂ released to the environment in Canada. Recently, the smelter operators have lowered their atmospheric releases in the environment by up to 90% depending on the chemical species of interest and on the type of smelting (e.g. Cominco Ltd 2000; Pollution Probe 2003,). The pertinence of studying releases from smelters is underscored by the prominent role smelters played as anthropogenic point sources. One key scientific question relating to smelter releases is the evaluation of . . . [Full Text of this Article]